What is a 'summary judgment'?

Summary judgment is a legal process that allows a court to make a determination on a case without going through the entirety of a trial. This occurs when one party demonstrates that there are no material facts in dispute—meaning the facts that could affect the outcome of the case are agreed upon or undisputed. Instead of requiring a full trial to establish these facts, the court can rule based on the evidence presented in motions, which expedites the legal process and conserves judicial resources.

In essence, summary judgment is designed to provide a quick resolution to cases when the relevant facts are clear and one party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. This instrument prevents unnecessary trials when the outcome can be determined based on established facts and applicable law. Thus, when there are no genuine issues of material fact for a jury to decide, the court can rule on the case quickly and efficiently.